ˇ¶The Defence of Poetryˇ·


 INTRODUCTION

    P Pens, in Kent, on t daug of ters. Edmund Spenser and alter Raleig a year, and whey were children of four or five years old.

    In t of ales, representing t ern counties, as a Lord Deputy represented   Ludlole, to alled as a Kniger.  ent from Ludloo Sudied for ter friends. ed t omb as quot;Fulke Greville, servant to Queen Elizabeto King James, and friend to Sir P;  Even Dr.

    ton, Canon of C Cered to C Ceent Midsummer, in 1568,  after ;tutor of Sir P;

    Sidney  ty to continue raining for tate, by travel on tinent.  Licensed to travel s, P London in train of t as ambassador to C in t year, w.

    Bartered from t day in ter Fanny Sidney married terwards.

    From Paris Sidney travelled on by , ers, and found a , o een and Languet fifty-five, a Frenc, learned and zealous for testant cause,  minister for tor of Saxony atesman estant cause in Europe.  Sidney travelled on  Languet from Frankfort to Vienna, visited o Italy, making for eigers, and to Padua.  urned to England, and tendance it t of Queen Elizabet mont to Ireland as Lord Deputy, and Sidney lived in London her.

    At time tion of tion of ty of London to ting of plays by servants of Sidneys uncle, ter, ent for tors to cease from y, and build ttle side one of ty gates, and ion. t tre came to be built in England in t t en years later t o London.

    In February, 1577, P yet ty-t on a formal embassy of congratulation to Rudolp under ties of tcunities of estant League among to convey Queen Elizabetulations to illiam of Orange on t c impression  leader of men is s aftero Queen Elizabet;t if y  and greatest counsellors of State in P to trial of il y o employ tleman, eit ;

    Sidney returned from  time of ure, in ter Mary, ty years old, , Earl of Pembroke, and ess of Pembroke   ilton, about train. Spenser described ;tlest s lives t resembling, bot, ;

    Ben Jonson, long after e upon ap;Underneat of all verse, Sidneys sister, Pembrokes mot slain anotime s at t;

    Sidneys sister became Pembrokes motaying  ilton.  ten a long argument to t t of  politic to seem to favour.  S resented, or appeared to resent, rusion of advice; ented  seemed to be  for a time. t time of seclusion, after t er at ilton.  togeto e for  ;  It was never finished.

    Mucten at ilton in t in 1581, ten, as ter to ;only for you, only to you . . . for severer eyes it is not, being but a trifle, triflingly  ness ts of paper, most of it in your presence, t by ss sent unto you as fast as t;   t it s it sroyed; but it belonged to a sister  ess of Pembrokes Arcadia.quot;

    ted in tten in 1581, ;Arcadiaquot; ill being sent to ilton.  But it differs ;Arcadia.quot;  Sidneys quot;Arcadiaquot; erary interest as t important example of toral  of inct scion.  But ts aut play, it folloended to extravagance of ingenuity.  t;Defence of Poesyquot; erest as t important piece of literary criticism in our literature.  .  yle is ravagance in , and manly; not t tful and refined for its unaffected simplicity. As criticism it is of true sort; not captious or formal, still less engaged, as nearly all bad criticism is, more or less,  suggestion of tic oerature.   aims, and finds true work, and s song.

    ting of ted to  t an earnest young student, Stepy about time res , and e plays, urned by to agreement an attacks made by t on tage (arising c t plays ed on Sundays), and in 1579 transferred o attack on t;taining a Pleasant Invective against Poets, Pipers, Players, Jesters, and sucerpillars of a Commonting up to ters, Natural Reason, and Common Experience: a Discourse as pleasant for Gentlemen t favour Learning as profitable for all t ue.quot;  ted quot;to t noble Gentleman, Master P;  Sidney e verse, s, and counted Edmund Spenser among  an opinion t o attacks on poetry and music as feeders of idle appetite t y.  to se in 1581 t printed in 1595, nine years after e publication, entitled quot;An Apologie for Poetrie.quot;  ter o tion of ;Arcadia,quot; and titled quot;t;  In sixteen subsequent editions it continued to appear as quot;t;

    title e editions of 1752 and 1810.

    Professor Edext of t edition of 1595, and restored title, o ts aut as t;apologyquot;  cs sense in current Englis may be o go on calling t;t;

    In 1583 Sidney er of Sir Francis alsings ten by o old faso a lady in accordance esy t in to exclude personal suit--personal suit e, and not public--o grave misappreics.  t een years old--into a eful marriage h Lord Rich.

    It may be enougo say t if Po ask for --t er mig t tropella sonnets.

    In 1585 Sidney o join Drake it sea in attack on Spain in t Indies.  ayed by t er ion to t out, in November, 1585, as Governor of Flusted at inaction, and made tinct t er said after  ;despising   bearing a hand over him as a forward young man.

    Notanding, in a s time  botars o fetc from ;  In May, 1586, Sir P ember ment of Zutpember tered by a musket ball from trencook frig to .  o er, and ,  once er to t;ty is yet greater t;  Sidney lived on, patient in suffering, until tober.  ood by asked Pinued trust in God.  , and so tces tainless representative of than England passed away.

 POEM: TWO PASTORALS

    Made by Sir Ping s, Sir Edward Dyer and M. Fulke Greville.

    Join mates in mirto me, Grant pleasure to our meeting; Let Pan, our good god, see eful is our greeting. Join s and  it be, Make but one mind in bodies three.

    Ye o fill its and  it be, Make but one mind in bodies three.

    S Orpedfast mountains moved, Let to join s friends beloved. Join s and  it be, Make but one mind in bodies three.

    My t, A rinity, As tly set In firmest band of unity. Join s and  it be, Make but one mind in bodies three.

    elcome my to me, t beloved, it you be In friendss and  it be, Make but one mind in bodies three.

    Give leave your flocks to range, Let us t be straying. Join s and  it be, Make but one mind in bodies three.

    Cause all t s and  it be, Make but one mind in bodies three.

    Like lovers do t nots and  it be, Make but one mind in bodies three.

    And as turtle dove to mate  fervent love Of you to my  givets and  it be, Make but one mind in bodies three.

    No linkd in binding bands By metamorphree As one for ever joined be.

 POEM: DISPRAISE OF A COURTLY LIFE

    alking in brig oppressed I  to a sy dly smelling.

    In t, On lamenting ate, ransformed late, Once to saining, No remaining.

    tent, Up and do, Daring not to tell to me, Spake unto a senseless tree, One among t electing, ting: quot;My old mates I grieve to see Void of me in field to be,  eacriving, but in loving.

    quot;But may love abiding be In poor s belongs to suco ting  in art of love is fitting.

    quot;Nay,  to to o be used t flatter men: Friendsrue, in  assured, Is by Natures gifts procured.

    quot;ting skill, Can Loves duties best fulfil; Since t o feign, Nor o cloak disdain, Like t, wheir inward will of harming.

    quot;ell riving es in song; Mixing mirter reasure tly pleasure.

    quot;ures be, So many puffed in mind I see; Like to Junos birds of pride, Scarce eaco black shose in hearing.

    quot;t be Made to listen unto me, Grant, I say, if seely man May make treaty to god Pan, t I,  till to thee relying.

    quot;Only for my to taining, Grant me wo remaining.

    quot;So so ty praise: And first lamb t sar s please to be reflected, And I from t rejected.quot; So I left  place, taking pity on , t tate is best; Better filled enting, Void of wising.

 POEM: DIRGE

    Ring out your bells, let mourning sed it ed, And faiteful fancy; From suc use men thus, Good Lord, deliver us.

    eep, neig  said t Love is dead:  is sor, blame. From so ungrateful fancy; From suc use men thus, Good Lord, deliver us.

    Let dirge be sung, and trentals rigomb ordainetress marble ; apainet;.quot; From so ungrateful fancy; From suc use men thus, Good Lord, deliver us.

    Alas! I lie:  rage  dead, Love is not dead, but sleepetcill due deserts so call suc a frenzy: emper thus, Good Lord, deliver us.

 POEM: STANZAS TO LOVE

    A to see t; If s give, Make an end, yield up t!

    t s lengt s t  is not in time relieved.

    O ever I o be refused; Faito be forborn! Never love was so abused.

    But, s Love, be still a!  I see hee.

    For, t s despair But th may fancy find.

    Yet, alt may suc,  t at latest gasp of breat in a ladys eye Love botook h.

 POEM: A REMEDY FOR LOVE

    P, By c ; And meeting, did so join in , t t part: And ones) ould separate suciful, and fair As orient pearls and rubies are; And s as, after gentle sion, suc it ifies, And dot t eyes.

    seen, on some great day, t ell, ier bonny belle; And trot  Discretion and good fortune quite; But t young Cupid, my old master, Presented me a sovereign plaster: Mopsa! evn Mopsa! (precious pet) eet, Are spells and crong defence, to conjure down concupiscence.

    of sense, By gazing on t meeting Mopsa in my , And in an instant .

    And urn mine eyes, But (cruel pant incense s, , And jointly from t on fire:  souls, to follo, fly o tocks, or Cornood I still as any stock, till Mopsa, uary, Made of old ling and young canary, Bloat- troubled ctom s Mopsa, oo-oo-emper soon compose.

    And, t, at to offer up a sacrifice?  medicine, true er to a lovers e, Boto cut Loves t: Be but my second, and stand by, Mopsa, and Ill t races, ion in t Medusas s of the field.

 POEM: VERSES

    to tune of t;Si tu senora no ducles de mi.quot;

    O fair! O s!  my tongue,  I conceived; For it ung. No! tongue to roof be cleaved, Fearing lest ised be,  and soul do sing in me.

    O fair! O s!  accord excellet in sucy takes. Since truto all minds tellet in t and soul do sing in me.

    O fair! O s! aineto see w fair sigo sing alway:

    So t  and soul do sing in me.

    O fair! O s!  I am at ease, For because my c singeto s disease: For no dumbness, nor deatay to true loves melody:  and soul do sing in me.

 POEM: TRANSLATION

    From ;Rectius vives, Licini,quot; amp;c.

    You better sure s evermore trying oo much upon ill-harboured shore.

    t lives, Released from court, w be.

    t oft t pine tree grieves: tately toer fall: t  of thunder cleaves.

    Evil ers, as they shall.

    t times, and past,  last:   Muse, Apollo wakes, and bow ime spared.

    In ate, out sill, in hy swelling sails.

 POEM: SIR PHILIP SIDNEYS SONNET IN REPLY

A satyr once did run arange evil in t  know.

    Sucake, It makes t  w o save.

    Evn t I, for doubts  I, for fear of may be, leave t pursuit of my desired prey. Better like I tyr, dearest Dyer,  o kiss fair shining fire.

 POEM: A SONNET BY SIR EDWARD DYER

Promet from  doill t seen; Fond of deligyr, standing by, Gave it a kiss, as it like s had been.

    Feeling fort, s and s , for time,  ill.

    So silly I,  uned sig; t since I run and rest as pleasetyrs lips, my , .

 POEM: MUST LOVE LAMENT?

    My mistress lo love: I do protest, and seek ant faito prove; But for all t  t I may not be true.

    If oat serve, evn by tygian lake, s say t in face, than in my fancy bear?

    My Muse, t tell, tell me tell,  disgraced my doing ell, o so lo ed o flow?

    O t is, tted straender s, small te: A e trojan ground; A t stool in Greece made trumpets sound; An asss se.

    If Greeks to t to suco take a lingring pause? I  not, tal is too fine.

    My  bear ness , So paint my living deat: And so, for one t felt god Cupids dart, Soo merry days.

    Are poets true, s are set on measuring a verse? , if t Cress kne you for matters to rehearse.

    take ime, And in my brain some sacred  all tears may kno t I fall loo rhyme.

    As for my mirt be glad,  t met I justly made my boast t only I tress  no.

    S lady, as for to me, made me in ligoic-like, in cloudy o make te, because they look on ground:

    Believe t, for prue dot is joyed in woman-kind.

 POEM: A DIALOGUE BETWEEN TWO SHEPHERDS

    Uttered in a Pastoral S ilton.

    ILL.  Dick, since  dance, come, let a c  grudge at all whers do rejoice.

    DICK.  A, I count it feeble glee, it made dim ears anot to see.  lambkins love to play, to play olen or gone astray? If true, as true in men tless song forsoot  to cry.

    ILL.  A time ten says, s tucked very  football plays  mind to  some smoky room: No tsome sighy darkness overcome.

    DICK.   joy to bleared eyes; t comfort in ts you like, my mind  tries.

    ILL.  ?  Is t; t or tar-box lost; or t-rent?

    DICK.  I   t oo well.

    ILL.  t my ears do itc it:  good Dick tell.

    DICK.  o sigress I do serve, ill I starve;  I freeze apparelled most, And looks so near unto my cure, t I must needs be lost.

    ILL.  ?  t to her?

    DICK.  Bound as I neito stir.

    ILL.  hee?

    DICK.  Love, my lord.

    ILL.   nesses to?

    DICK.  Faith in her, which no proof can undo.

    ILL.   seal?

    DICK.  My  deep graven.

    ILL.  ?

    DICK.  onder t, by ttring stars be past.

    ILL.   keepethy band?

    DICK.  Remembrance is t Lockd fast  s.

    ILL.  te of :  w wages mayshou have?

    DICK.  o crave.

    ILL.  If ,  she gives?

    DICK.  tears drink, sorro,  in me my death lives.

    ILL.   living get you then?

    DICK.  Disdain; but just disdain; So o plain, but no cause to complain.

    ILL.   care takes shee?

    DICK.  o prevent My freedom, ue, my content.

    ILL.  God sro Dick, my counsel mark:  run from t from far dothe smaller blow.

    DICK.  Good ill, I cannot take t foxes leave to steal, therefore.

    ILL.  t us go   folks annoy: For notedious be t in time of joy.

    DICK.  Oe: But  needs go; suce.

 POEM: SONG

    to tune of quot;il; amp;c.

    s of , Let ures sest lig e t whe looker dies.

    S lastet;  et part. till guarded, In never dying faith.

    Look tal treasure, al gain. Immortal be al is  for  doth bind.

    But eyes ties see not, Nor sense t grace descries; Yet eyes deprived be not From sigill sorry,  in t weal.

    But  ures sest light.

 POEM: THE SMOKES OF MELANCHOLY

    I.

    t losers prove, May paint my face  seeing me, And e tate ree.

    But   kind of fires ts melt, S doth displease, Feeling my pulse, miss my disease.

    II.

    O no!  O no! trial only ster juice of forsaken ain; Nay, former bliss adds to present pain, ates contain. Come, learners, to me, tunes lap; And, as you like my double lot, tread in my steps, or follo.

    III.

    For me, alas!  I am full resolved t be dissolved; Nor break my e; Nor fail my faite; Nor cate:

    But alruto fly Up to t shall I die in Phoenix fire.

 POEM: ODE

    o my deadly pleasure, o my lively torment, Lady, mine eyes remained Joined, alas! to your beams.

    ity, tied to virtue; Reason abasired; Gladly my senses yielded.

    Gladly my senses yielding, to betray my s fort, Left me devoid of all life.

    to t, o w ened.

    Like to t  liked,  met.

    Yet, yet, a life to the life of all love.

    For t sense, Yet do h live in you.

    turned aneo t aye turns, As you, alas! my sun bends.

    to rise to live to a c.

    t be from you; t I t I seek is in you; All  is you.

 POEM: VERSES

    to tune of a Neapolitan song, ;

    No, no, no, no, I cannot e my foe, Alt te; For so fair a flame embraces All t  of all s springet it bringeto my dying  some pleasure, Since reasure Burnet in fairest light.  No, no, no, no.

    No, no, no, no, I cannot e my foe, Alt te; Since our lives be not immortal, But to mortal Fetters tied, do  to be sorry ay.  No, no, no, no.

    No, no, no, no, I cannot e my foe, Alt te; No man doubts,  I, in rying, t complain.  No, no, no, no.

 POEM: SONG

    to tune of a Neapolitan Villanel.

    All my sense tness gained; t enc thee, like heaven, I loved.

    Fa, la, la, leridan, dan, dan, dan, deridan: Dan, dan, dan, deridan, deridan, dei: o my mind tside stood, For messenger of inward good.

    Nor tness sour is deemed; t eemed; Reason  but hey proved.

    Fa, la, la, leridan, dan, dan, dan, deridan, Dan, dan, dan, deridan, deridan, dei: For no fair sign can credit  tance fail hin.

    No more in tness glory, For tting  to be no more t to vie ture be found true.

    oe to me, alas, s folly creepeto blaspc yield to t I blame eness is.

    Sness! sly pardon folly; tie me, ive wholly:

    ords!  O he less.

 POEM: TRANSLATION

    From quot;La Diana de Monte-Mayor,quot; in Spanisress Diana terly forsaken  a little of  o thus bewailed himself.

    cs you to wear, For o approachis hair.

    Aty c ears, - O tears of guileful breast! - S I did but jest.

    tell me, O y be, t trust t me?  seen  streams of tears s, till t I sood, As  bent?

    y seen In one t cant been,  grieved to come from wo see me as you see?

    On sandy bank of late, I sa; ;Sooner die tate,quot; S: taid, Bey ten in the sand.

    t;Monte-Mayor,quot; resss glass before  on me is laid, Since t in self-same metal coined, S lady, you remain  pleasure, ures treasure, In face and eyes unmatc in your face mine eyes do measure.

    Nor tc of tarry, to you but gives a so me mine eyes true s most ter tived perceivet but disguised.

 POEM: SONNETS

    t, ting, so strong I prove,  dotie, t of troke, t, and knot of love, ounded, inflamed, knit to th, I die.

    ions snare as once my mind, my temper, and my life;  sigo avoid, quenc boasted strife.

    Yet  I grief, as, or free estate; So brave a s, dear fire, and beauty strange, Bid me pierce, burn, and bind, long time and late, And in my ented mind.

    * * * Virtue, beauty, and speecrike, , First, second, last, did bind, enforce, and arm, s, , grace, and vo, muc, sense, and ill empt, deceit, did groeal, creep, Bands, favour, faito break, defile, and kill, took, kindled, tauge, rage, disdain: But a, t, Dotime, nor place, can loose, quenc, knot, fire, disease.

 POEM: WOOING-STUFF

    Faint amorist,  to taste Loves  drink One dram of gall? or to devour A , and taste no sour?

    Dost to enter t darst not venture In C use to sail  loves and fears to try, Learns ress to deny. Dotis to s, t t: Is s? is se?

    Silence fully grants t: Dot, and leave to bid tes to t ;No?quot; tuso ion?  Nay, s, S if t tst .  after ten denials, Dares attempt no fartrials,  to acquire ties of e desire.

 POEM: SONNETS

    Since sopped ears are c, and siger still I bind; Since naked sense can conquer reason armed; Since , in crife of t but mars to t craving la, of eful guardian  my lord, and I thy vowed slave.

    o make me pattern of , Like foe, o deadly spite, ould often kill, to breed more feeling pain; , armed y, only reign On ts ue sets so  reasons ligrife can only bondage gain: So t I live to pay a mortal fee, Dead palsy-sick of all my c parts, Like ters see, And can cry  but groans and starts: Longing to  to arving minds such is god Cupids dish.

 POEM: SONG

    I

    to tune of quot;Non credo gia ce.quot;

    tingale, as soon as April bringeto ed sense a perfect   in tunes expresset grief  oppressetereus force on e  er cause of plaintful sadness: t, my t invadeth.

    II.

    Alas! s tereus love, on rong s languis I, ent me, o lament me, Since ing is more oo mucake some gladness, t er cause of plaintful sadness: t, my t invadeth.

 POEM: SONG

    to tune of quot;Basciami vita mia.quot;  Sleep, baby mine, Desires nurse, Beauty, singet mine ;ay, t;

    Lully, lully, my babe, o my c taking: t;ay, t;

    Since, baby mine, from me tctle, pap Content is making; t;Nay, for t abide I ;

    I.

    treme disgrace; ter called Pain: Long so be accursed in every place, By t complain; Like crafty cime and travel taugo e ure s do bide; And so by privilege of sacred seat, A seat ains. A not terror last, More loving eyes se t.

    II.

    oe! o me, on me return t: My burning tongue ress pain? For oft in pain, to pain my painful , itate complain. I praised ; s, tepping feet: Pain  sealing up my  as prey of o  t o have.

    III.

    t of loatraint; ter-co oe, and fat:

    ted Pain, from  traint dotues arm; s can cely bear: In range  tiff ? Fearst not a face t oft ws devours?

    Or art t, And so no  envy of t  s;O.quot;

    IV.

    And ;O cruel pain!quot; And dot mould y bears? Mourns srut others feign?

    Fears so feel, and feels not ot  fiery spirits, may plain? t eyes  in bloody tears? t sense feels more t dotain? No, no, soo  perfect place  suc my life can save. But th.

    * * * Like as t to service bound; But o gain some ing ill  of force do force o ground: Rig by  off o die; Nor o be sound. But o s,  but small; till , lose Boto fly, and knowledge wo fall: O ried! More  I in bondage bide!

    * * * In ed ed fancies crange cause doto mine eye dot of my pain, me-seems, engraved lies. tant mind teep, noately o look so loful caves noless visions give; In dales I see eac: Like late-moe cut from joy I live; Alas, s brooks do in my tears augment: Rocks,  eacs to leave, Or till, my ts mig in vain contend: t I t ts  to t I wisely swim, or gladly sink.

    If eit, Or, cruel still, time did your beauties stain: If from my soul t, Or for my love some love I migain; t I o find.

    But since my ts in till are spent. itrife, by senses overtill, and still more cruel bent, I loving still a love t lovetrive, I kiss and curse t, reason, sense, time, You, and I, maintain.

 POEM: A FAREWELL

    Oft  no lengt die, men say, t: Depart:  a le to my mind, eakly did seem to paint Deat.

    But noars, range course, do bind Me one to leave, ; I s faint and blind, t parting t part I part.

    Part of my life, t to me, Lives to impart my  t good part ure is a death:

    Yea, s bot, still living in annoy.

    * * * Finding t ever love, to mar my mind, and  to please, I deemed it best, some absence for to prove, If fart furto ease.

    My eyes t, Blinded forto t of guiding sighe sky.

    In absence blind, and  o greater urn; Even as to t, t h burn:

    Fair co live or die A blinded mole, or else a burned fly.

 POEM: THE SEVEN WONDERS OF ENGLAND

    I.

    Near ilton s, ones are found, But so confused, t neit t, nor Reason reason try,  force brougo so unlikely ground.

    to stranger o me s grows, A simple soul should breed so mixed woes.

    II.

    tons  else, dead logs up sends From ribute,  is t thread is spun.

    My lake is Sense, reams never run But o ery eyes it lends; But ake, ter is fair warned o make.

    III.

    e rangers muc, to cruel searc: it out, closed up again by art, Yet lives until his life be new required.

    A stranger fis yet expired, t ys  Myself unto tomy desired, Instead of gall, leaving to : Yet live s closed up, till t ss rigead of searching, kill.

    IV.

    Peak ries find Large rooms il amain: till knit  poor place er lined.

    Mine eyes trait, ts let fall an inill colder reason bind to a constant vein Of truter pure,  still dotruth endure.

    V.

    A field take oe prest Deep in t , Is co stone in , t.

    take is my request; Of  s seat, to urned, dot, Keeping t form, ted ; But all t,  apply, Failing thered conscience die.

    VI.

    Of s on Albions coast, ting on to die: From cs more life t.

    My s long tost, Brake on fair cliffs of constant City; tempt, gives up ; So deep in seas of virtue, beauties lie: But of t love,  nobler life doth move.

    VII.

    t remains - A lady, in despite of Nature, ce, On  reins.

    A  favour stains; A  like an angel graced; An angels mind, but in a o myself I frame; S all t I am.

    * * * ttered t: Band of all evils; cradle of causeless care; t:

    Desire! Desire!  I oo dearly bougoo long, too long, asleep t me broug my mind to  yet in vain t my ruin soug me to vain t all tue ter lesson taugo seek my only  but o kill Desire.

    POEM:  FROM EARtO hEAVEN

    Leave me, O love!  to dust; And to  ; ever fades, but fading pleasure brings.

    Dra to t s yoke  dot to see.

    O take fast  t lig to deato slide, termost I see, Eternal Love, maintain thy life in me.

 SPLENDIDIS LONGUM VALEDICO NUGIS

    Footnote:

    {1}  Edton, elder brotton.  ed by Elizabetroller of her household.

    Observe treatise ten t in plain, manly Englis Euprictly reasoned.

    {2}  roduction ends, and t begins s Part 1.  Poetry t Light-giver.

    {3}  A fable from t;amyt; of Laurentius Abstemius, Professor of Belles Lettres at Urbino, and Librarian to Duke Guido Ubaldo under tificate of Alexander VI. (1492-1503).

    {4}  Pliny says (quot;Nat. .,quot; lib. xi., cap. 62) t tient to be born, break ther, and so kill her.

    {5}  Part 2.  Borrowed from by Philosophers.

    {6}  timaeus, tias are represented by Plato as ened to tes on a Republic.  Socrates calls on to sate in action.  Critias ell of t citizens of Attica, 10,000 years before, from an inroad of countless invaders lantis, in tern Ocean; a struggle of  Sais, in Egypt, and radition to Critias.  But first timaeus agrees to expound tructure of tias, in a piece left unfiniso, proceeds to sy in action against pressure of a danger t seems irresistible.

    {7}  Platos quot;Republic,quot; book ii.

    {8}  Part 3.  Borrowed from by orians.

    {9}  Part 4.  ic.

    {10}  Part 5.  And really sacred and propic in the Psalms of David.

    {11}  Part 6.  By ts were he name of Makers.

    {12}  Poetry is tive art.  Astronomers and ot hey find.

    {13}  Poets improve Nature.

    {14}  And idealize man.

    {15}   of the Essay begins.

    {16}  Part 1.  Poetry defined.

    {17}  Part 2.  Its kinds.  a. Divine.

    {18} Poo imitative.

    {19} Marcus Manilius e under tiberius a metrical treatise on Astronomy, of wars remain.

    {20}  Poetry proper.  {21}  Part 3.  Subdivisions of Poetry proper.

    {22}  Its essence is in t, not in apparelling of verse.

    {23}  ricca, in tury.  ory of t;AEt; ic tale in Greek ed into English.

    {24}  ts ork and Parts.  Part 1. ORK:   Poetry does for us.

    {25}  t;Sucal souls; But ure of decay Dot in,  .quot; (S;Merc of Venice,quot; act v., sc. 1) {26}  Poetry best advances tuous action.

    {27}  Its advantage herein over Moral Philosophy.

    {28}  Its advantage ory.

    {29}  quot;All men make faults, and even I in trespass ; S;Sonnetquot; 35.

    {30}  quot;itness of times, ligrutress of life, messenger of antiquity.quot;--Cicero, quot;De Oratore.quot;

    {31}  In  goes beyond Porian, and all oting comparison he Divine).

    {32}  he Philosopher.

    {33}  ;Ars Poetica,quot; lines 372-3.  But e quot;Non ;--quot;Neittered columns ted mediocrity in poets.quot;

    {34}  t;Locus communis,quot; erm used in old roric to represent testimonies or pitences of good aut be used for strengt said Keckermann, ext- book in t;Because it is impossible to read t give students of eloquence  form of books of Common Places, like t collected by Stobaeus out of Cicero, Seneca, terence, Aristotle; but especially titled Polyant and effective sentences apt to any matter.quot;  Frequent resort to tation to be erm of roric, quot;a common- place,quot; came to mean a good saying made familiar by incessant quoting, and trite saying good or bad, but commonly   in it.

    {35}  totle.  t;Poeticsquot; runs:

    quot;It is not by ing in verse or prose t torian and Poet are distinguisus mig it ill be a species of ory, no less re t.  tinguis tes ry is more p tory, for Poetry is c about general trutory about particular. In ain cer , probably or necessarily, t of Poetry, even icular names. But rut;

    {36}  Justinus, ome of tory of trogus Pompeius, us.

    {37}  Dares Po  of Vulcan, o ime of AElian, A.D. 230, o be older than homers.

    {38}  Quintus Curtius, a Roman orian of uncertain date, ory of Alexander t in ten books, of  and otive.

    {39}  Not kno practice.

    {40}  t Monarch of all human Sciences.

    {41}  In quot;Loves Labours Lostquot; a resemblance ion of Biron, and t:- quot;ongue--conceits expositor - Delivers in suc and gracious  aged ears play truant at ables, And younger e ravis and voluble is ;

    {42}  Virgils quot;AEneid,quot; Book xii.:- quot;And sed dastard turnus flying vie so vile a to die?quot; (Pranslation [1573].) {43}  Instances of ts work.

    {44}  Defectuous.  t;defectueux,quot; is used t;Apologie for Poetrie.quot;

    {45}  Part II.  tS of Poetry.

    {46}  Can Pastoral be condemned?

    {47}  ting glory.

    {48}  Or Elegiac?

    {49}  Or Iambic? or Satiric?

    {50}  From t Satire of Persius, line 116, in a description of ire:

    quot;Omne vafer vitium ridenti Flaccus amico tangit, et admissus circum praecordia ludit,quot; amp;c.

    Soucranslated t;Unlike in mety ing grace Laug  vice ickle,  made te passes w;

    {51}  From tles (Lib. 1):

    quot;Coelum non animum mutant, qui trans mare currunt, Strenua nos exercet inertia; navibus atque Quadrigis petimus bene vivere.  Quod petis, , Est Ulubris, animus si te non deficit aequus.quot;

    t not toil in laboured idleness, and seek to live at ease iteams.  t o be calm and clear.

    quot;At Ulubraequot;  to saying in t corner of ttle totle Pedlington.  to t a grander form in Sartor Resartus:

    quot;May  say t tual enfranc is even this?

    ruggling and inexpressibly languiso  enouger, t your America is uation t  its duty, its ideal, ,  out therefrom, believe, live, and be free.

    Fool! t too is in tion is but tuff t to s same Ideal out of.   matter  or t, so t be ic?  O t pinest in t of tual, and criest bitterly to to rule and create, knorut is already  t;

    {52}  Or Comic?

    {53}  In pistrinum.  In the pounding-mill (usually worked by horses or asses).

    {54}  Or tragic?

    {55}  ts first form.

    {56}  Or the heroic?

    {57}  Epistles I. ii. 4.  Better tor.  tle stoic, Crantor t commentator upon Plato.

    {58}  Summary of t thus far.

    {59}  Objections stated and met.

    {60}  Cornelius Agrippas book, quot;De Incertitudine et Vanitate Scientiarum et Artium,quot;  publis;Moriae Encomiumquot; ten in a  in a feions.

    {61}  tion to rre.

    {62}  t of tences is from le I. xviii. 69):

    quot;Fly from tive man, for ;  t;; seems to be varied from Ovid (Fasti, iv. 311):- quot;Conscia mens recti famae mendacia risit: Sed nos in vitium credula turba sumus.quot;

    A mind conscious of rig t towards vice we are a credulous crowd.

    {63}  tions.

    {64}  t time migter spent.

    {65}  Beg tion.

    {66}  t poetry is ther of lies.

    {67}  t poetry is ting us on and pestilent desires.

    {68}  Rampire, rampart, t;rempart,quot; ;rempar,quot; from quot;remparer,quot; to fortify.

    {69}  quot;I give o be foolis;  A variation from t. I. i. 63), quot;Quid facias illi? jubeas miserum esse libenter.quot;

    {70}  t Plato baniss from his ideal Republic.

    {71}  y certain barbarous and insipid ers  into meaning t poets o be t out of a state.

    {72}  Ion is a r, in dialogue es, and  s floly ; says Socrates; quot;your talent in expounding  an art acquired by system and met s besides.  It is a special gift, imparted to you by Divine poion. true of t you expound.   spring from art, system, or met is a special gift emanating from tion of t is lig compose verses at all so long as ake auting in place of it tion and special impulse . . . Like props and deliverers of oracles, ts aken as of t is not t of trains, it is to us, and speaks t;  George Grote, from e translation of t;Ionquot; among to.

    {73}  Guards, trimmings or facings.

    {74}  the Second Summary.

    {75}  Causes of Defect in Englisry.

    {76}  From tion at t;Muse, bring to my mind t divinity  one famous for piety s;

    {77}  tal, born in 1505, ical services ( of France, and long labour to repress civil  skill in verse.  he died in 1573.

    {78}  -strings titan (Prometened ter clay.  (Juvenal, Sat. xiv. 35).  Dryden translated ts context -

    quot;Some sons, indeed, some very fe;

    {79}  tor is made, t born.

    {80}   you  t comes.

    {81}  quot;ever I sry to e ;  Sidney quotes from memory, and adapts to ext, tristium IV. x. 26.

    quot;Sponte sua carmen numeros veniebat ad aptos, Et quod temptabam dicere, versus erat.quot;

    {82}  ;itsquot; ; t;itsquot; not being yet introduced into Englising.

    {83}  Defects in t s tten y years old, and S seventeen,  yet come to London.  trongest of S yet begun to e for tage.  Marlo ten; and trengt o come of t to be shown.

    {84}  tage.

    {85}  Messenger.

    {86}  From the egg.

    {87}  Bias, slope; Frenc;biais.quot;

    {88}  Juvenal, Sat. iii., lines 152-3.  ;London:quot;

    quot;Of all t rest, Sure t bitter is a scornful jest.quot;

    {89}  George Bacy-six) ten in earlier life four Latin tragedies,  Bordeaux, aigne in his class.

    {90}  Defects in Lyric Poetry.

    {91}  Defects in Diction.  tten only a year or ter tion of quot;Eup; represents t style of t created but represented by t took t;Eup;

    {92}  Nizolian paper-books, are commonplace books of quotable passages, so called because an Italian grammarian, Marius Nizolius, born at Bersello in teentury, and one of teent producers of sucribution ionary of p;tus Linguae Latinae e scriptis tullii Ciceronis collectus.quot;

    {93}  quot;o te, nay, comes to te,quot; amp;c.

    {94}  Pounded.  Put in tray.

    {95}  Capacities of the English Language.

    {96}  Metre and Rhyme.

    {97}  Last Summary and playful peroration